Hessian cloth, or burlap, is a tough, natural fabric made from jute. In construction, it’s widely used for curing concrete by keeping surfaces moist and reducing cracks. It’s also useful for erosion control and temporary protection on site.
Since it’s biodegradable, hessian is a sustainable alternative to plastic covers. This article explores the benefits of effectively using hessian cloth in construction.
What Is Hessian Cloth?
Hessian cloth, also known as burlap, is a coarse, woven fabric made from natural plant fibers, mainly jute. Jute is a fast-growing crop, mostly produced in countries like India and Bangladesh, making hessian both renewable and eco-friendly.
The fabric is known for its strength, breathability, and ability to hold moisture, which makes it useful in various construction tasks. It is made by spinning raw jute into yarn and then weaving it into a loose but sturdy fabric. Some hessian is also treated to improve water resistance, fire safety, or UV protection.
Because of its rough texture and durability, hessian can handle tough site conditions while still breaking down naturally over time. This makes it a practical and sustainable material for outdoor and temporary construction uses.
Why Hessian Cloth Is Ideal for Concrete Curing
Hessian cloth plays a crucial role in modern construction because it balances performance with sustainability. From curing concrete to controlling soil erosion, this natural jute fabric provides builders with a reliable alternative to plastics and synthetics.
Its strength, breathability, and biodegradability make it a preferred choice for sites aiming for both durability and eco-friendly practices.
1. Concrete Curing
Fresh concrete needs steady moisture to reach full strength. If it dries too quickly, cracks and surface damage occur. Hessian solves this by holding water and releasing it slowly over the slab. It allows airflow at the same time, unlike plastic sheets that trap heat.
Result: stronger, smoother, and more durable concrete.
2. Soil and Erosion Control
On slopes, embankments, or loose ground, hessian acts as a stabilizer. It prevents soil from washing away in rain and helps seeds take root. Since it breaks down naturally, there’s no cleanup cost once vegetation grows.
3. Weather and Site Protection
Construction sites often need quick, temporary covers. Hessian works as a breathable shield over scaffolding, equipment, or stored materials. It protects against sun, dust, and light showers without trapping moisture underneath.
Strength and Sustainability Benefits
Hessian cloth offers more than everyday site utility. It combines strength with clear environmental advantages, making it a rare balance between performance and responsibility.
- Tough but Temporary: Its coarse weave stands up to outdoor use, heavy handling, and rough weather. Yet, it naturally decomposes over time, leaving no long-term waste.
- Renewable Resource: Jute, the main fiber in hessian, grows quickly in regions like Bangladesh and India. It requires little irrigation, no synthetic fertilizers, and minimal pesticides. This makes it one of the most sustainable crops in the textile world.
- Lower Carbon Impact: Jute plants absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide during growth and release oxygen at higher rates than many crops. By choosing hessian, builders reduce the carbon footprint of construction projects.
- Green Building Support: Many projects now follow eco-building standards such as LEED, BREEAM, or local green codes. Because hessian is natural and biodegradable, it helps project managers meet these sustainability targets.
In practice, using hessian allows construction companies to cut plastic use, reduce site waste, and meet environmental commitments without sacrificing strength or performance.
Comparing Hessian With Alternatives
Choosing the right covering or curing material depends on site conditions, cost, and environmental goals. While many builders rely on plastic sheets or synthetic fabrics, hessian stands out for its natural balance between durability, breathability, and biodegradability.
Hessian vs. Plastic Sheets
Plastic sheets are cheap and fully waterproof, which makes them useful during heavy rain. However, they trap heat, prevent airflow, and create disposal problems after use.
Hessian, on the other hand, absorbs and releases moisture gradually. It keeps concrete surfaces cool and evenly hydrated during curing. It’s also biodegradable, no landfill waste, no cleanup hassle.
For projects focused on sustainability or long-term environmental compliance, hessian is the smarter option.
When to use plastic:
- During continuous rain or where full waterproofing is essential.
When to use hessian:
- For even curing, erosion control, and temporary protection that aligns with green building standards.
Hessian vs. Synthetic Geotextiles
Synthetic geotextiles are stronger and longer-lasting, but they’re petroleum-based and non-biodegradable. Once installed, they often remain in the soil for decades.
Hessian provides a biodegradable, short-to-medium-term solution for erosion control, slope stabilization, and landscaping. It supports soil regeneration and decomposes naturally once vegetation takes root.
When to use synthetics:
- For permanent infrastructure or high-stress erosion control zones.
When to use hessian:
- For temporary stabilization, seed support, or projects where environmental recovery matters.
Why the Balance Matters
Modern builders rarely choose materials for one reason alone. Hessian provides the right mix of strength, cost-efficiency, and ecological value. It performs reliably while helping construction teams meet sustainability goals—something neither plastic nor synthetic materials can fully achieve.
Buying Guide for Construction Use
Choosing the right type of hessian cloth makes a major difference in how it performs on-site. Whether it’s for curing concrete, erosion control, or temporary protection, the following factors help ensure you get consistent results and long-lasting value.
1. GSM (Weight per Square Meter)
GSM determines the thickness and water-holding capacity of the fabric.
- Lightweight (Below 250 GSM): Easier to handle but less durable. Suitable for short-term protection or light coverage.
- Medium Weight (250–300 GSM): Balances strength and flexibility. Ideal for most curing and covering applications.
- Heavyweight (300–400+ GSM): Best for prolonged curing, erosion control, or high-stress conditions where resistance to tearing matters most.
Tip: For concrete curing or erosion control, always choose 300 GSM or higher for dependable moisture retention.
2. Weave Density and Yarn Quality
The tightness of the weave affects both durability and performance.
- A tighter weave means stronger fabric and slower water loss.
- A looser weave dries faster but offers better breathability.
High-quality yarn with consistent fiber thickness prevents weak points and fraying during use.
3. Treatment or Coating Options
Treated hessian offers added protection depending on site conditions.
- Fire-Retardant: Essential for safety in hot or industrial zones.
- Water-Resistant: Prevents premature rotting in humid or rainy climates.
- UV-Protected: Extends fabric life during long exposure to sunlight.
Choose coatings that are eco-friendly and free from harmful chemicals to maintain biodegradability.
4. Size and Format
Hessian comes in rolls, sheets, or custom-cut panels.
- Rolls: Ideal for covering large concrete surfaces or slopes.
- Sheets: Better for smaller pours, repairs, or specific coverage areas.
- Custom Sizes: Useful for pre-cut applications like scaffold wraps or landscaping projects.
Check the total area to avoid joining multiple small sheets, which can lead to leaks or uneven curing.
5. Supplier Quality and Certification
Always source from a reliable manufacturer with experience in jute processing.
- Verify GSM accuracy, weave uniformity, and fiber origin.
- Request eco-certificates (like OEKO-TEX® or ISO compliance).
- Prefer suppliers based in Bangladesh or India, where jute cultivation and processing expertise ensure consistent quality.
6. Cost vs. Lifespan Consideration
While hessian may cost slightly more upfront than thin plastic covers, it saves money long term through reusability and reduced disposal costs. In green-certified projects, it may also contribute to meeting sustainability benchmarks—adding value beyond price.
Hessian Application Methods
Proper installation ensures hessian performs as intended. Whether curing concrete, controlling erosion, or protecting materials, correct handling improves strength and durability while preventing material waste.
1. Concrete Curing
Hessian cloth is most widely used for curing fresh concrete. Follow these steps for effective results:
- Pre-wet the Fabric: Soak the cloth in clean water before use. A pre-soaked layer retains moisture immediately upon placement.
- Apply After Finishing: Wait until the concrete surface is firm enough to avoid marking, then spread the wet hessian evenly.
- Ensure Full Coverage: Cover the entire slab, including edges and corners. Avoid leaving gaps that could dry out unevenly.
- Keep Moist: Rewet the cloth at regular intervals—every few hours in hot or windy weather—to maintain consistent dampness.
- Secure in Place: Use bricks, stakes, or sandbags to hold the fabric down, preventing it from shifting in wind.
- Curing Duration: Maintain coverage for 5–7 days or as directed by the site engineer. Longer curing improves surface strength and durability.
Tip: For large pours, use heavy-grade hessian (300 GSM+) to retain moisture longer between wettings.
2. Soil Stabilization and Erosion Control
Hessian supports soil structure on slopes, embankments, and construction sites prone to runoff.
- Prepare the Ground: Level the soil and remove stones or debris.
- Lay the Fabric: Unroll the hessian following the natural contour of the slope.
- Overlap Sheets: Overlap edges by at least 10 cm to prevent gaps.
- Anchor Securely: Fix with wooden stakes, pins, or sandbags every 1–1.5 meters.
- Add Vegetation: If seeding, spread grass or turf seed under or over the cloth.
- Inspect Regularly: After rainfall, check for displacement or damage and replace if needed.
Result: The hessian absorbs water while holding soil together until vegetation roots establish naturally.
3. Temporary Covers and Weather Protection
Hessian serves as a quick, breathable cover for scaffolding, tools, or stored materials.
- Clean the Surface: Remove dust and sharp objects before covering.
- Spread Evenly: Drape the fabric over the area needing protection.
- Avoid Waterlogging: Use treated, water-resistant hessian for rainy conditions.
- Fasten Edges: Tie down or weigh the cloth to prevent wind lift.
- Reuse and Store: Once dry, fold and store in a clean, shaded area for future use.
Note: Hessian covers allow air circulation—reducing condensation, mold, and trapped heat compared to plastic sheets.
In every application, correct installation ensures longer life and higher performance while maintaining the fabric’s eco-friendly properties.
Limitations and Solutions
Even a strong natural fabric like hessian has limits. Knowing these helps builders plan better and combine it with other materials where needed.
1. Not Fully Waterproof
Limitation:
Hessian absorbs and holds water but does not block it. Continuous rain or water pooling can cause it to become soaked, heavy, or less effective.
Solution:
Use a plastic sheet or tarpaulin layer underneath when complete waterproofing is required. For surface protection in humid zones, select water-resistant treated hessian that slows saturation without losing breathability.
2. Flammable When Untreated
Limitation:
Untreated jute fibers ignite easily near sparks, welding, or open flames — common conditions on construction sites.
Solution:
Use fire-retardant coated hessian for any project where heat or open flame work (such as concrete curing near rebar welding) may occur. Fire-safe coatings protect workers and meet on-site safety codes.
3. Limited Strength for Heavy Loads
Limitation:
Compared to synthetic geotextiles, hessian stretches and weakens faster under constant load or tension.
Solution:
For high-stress zones or long-term erosion control, layer hessian over synthetic mesh or reinforce it with jute twine. This combination provides the biodegradability of jute with added tensile strength.
4. Susceptible to Rot or Mold
Limitation:
Prolonged dampness without drying can lead to rot, odor, or mold growth.
Solution:
Allow the cloth to dry fully between uses, and store it in a clean, ventilated area. Use treated or UV-protected fabric when exposure exceeds a week.
5. Limited Lifespan in Harsh Conditions
Limitation:
In tropical or coastal climates, strong sunlight, wind, and salt can shorten the life of untreated hessian.
Solution:
Choose UV-protected and high-GSM grades (350 GSM or more) for outdoor and coastal applications. Replace worn sections periodically to maintain protection quality.
Hessian cloth is already an essential part of modern job sites. Its mix of strength, moisture control, and biodegradability allows it to perform multiple functions across different project stages.
Real-World Construction Uses
1. Concrete Curing for Roads and Structures
Hessian is widely used to cure freshly poured concrete on bridges, road slabs, and foundations. It helps retain surface moisture, preventing shrinkage cracks during hot or windy conditions.
- Keeps concrete damp for longer curing cycles.
- Prevents temperature-related stress on exposed slabs.
- Produces denser, stronger concrete surfaces.
Engineers often choose hessian over plastic sheeting because it provides a cooler, more even cure and leaves no waste behind.
2. Erosion Control on Slopes and Embankments
In roadwork, drainage channels, and hillside stabilization projects, hessian is laid over exposed soil to reduce runoff.
- Protects soil from washouts after rain.
- Allows grass seed or vegetation to root naturally.
- Eliminates the need for later removal because it decomposes harmlessly.
This makes it ideal for temporary slope protection during construction and for eco-landscaping near infrastructure zones.
3. Weather and Dust Protection on Site
Hessian acts as a breathable barrier over scaffolding, brick stacks, and stored materials.
- Shields against sunlight, wind, and dust.
- Prevents condensation buildup that can cause rust or mold.
- Lightweight and easy to secure with ties or sandbags.
Its ability to regulate airflow keeps surfaces dry without overheating—something plastic tarps often fail to do.
4. Landscaping and Green Infrastructure
For parks, lawns, and green roofing projects, hessian supports early-stage soil stabilization.
- Holds topsoil and seeds in place during watering or rain.
- Gradually decomposes, enriching the soil with organic matter.
- Reduces reliance on synthetic mats or netting.
This application aligns perfectly with urban greening and sustainable landscape design practices.
5. Temporary Site Solutions
Construction teams often use hessian as a flexible, low-cost temporary cover or partition.
- Wraps around scaffolds, curing tanks, or material pallets.
- Works as a breathable shade or dust screen.
- Easy to remove, fold, and reuse multiple times.
Because it’s strong yet biodegradable, it bridges the gap between short-term convenience and long-term environmental care.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is hessian cloth waterproof?
No. Hessian is naturally breathable and absorbent. It holds moisture but does not block water completely. This makes it ideal for curing concrete, but not for keeping things fully dry.
How long does hessian last outdoors?
In dry conditions, hessian can last several months. In wet or humid environments, it may begin to break down within a few weeks. Treated hessian lasts longer and resists rot.
Can hessian be reused after curing concrete?
Yes, if it is still in good condition. After use, rinse and dry the cloth. Store it in a clean, dry place away from sunlight.
Does treating hessian reduce its environmental benefits?
Some treatments may affect biodegradability, depending on the chemicals used. Look for eco-friendly coatings if sustainability is important to your project.
Is hessian better than plastic for curing?
For many projects, yes. Hessian allows air to circulate and holds moisture more evenly. Plastic sheets can trap heat or cause uneven drying unless applied carefully.
Are there standard sizes for construction use?
Yes. Hessian is commonly sold in rolls or sheets, with widths from one to two meters and varying lengths. Choose based on the size of your pour or area to cover.
Conclusion
Hessian cloth offers builders a material that is both functional and sustainable. Its ability to support concrete curing while reducing environmental impact makes it a smart choice for modern construction.
As the industry moves toward greener practices, hessian stands out as a reliable option that delivers strength on-site and leaves no lasting waste.
Choose Jute For Good for high-quality hessian cloth and bring sustainable performance to your next project.